Ann Pharmacol Pharm | Volume 2, Issue 7 | Case Report | Open Access
Bhoj R Singh*, Vinodh Kumar, Dharmendra K Sinha, Monika Bhardwaj, Archna Saraf and Prasanna Vadhana
Department of Epidemiology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, India
*Correspondance to: Bhoj R Singh
Fulltext PDFEmergence of drug resistant microbes and their global spread is the biggest public health dilemma of the day. Enteropathogens are the biggest killers of neonates all over the globe. This study was conducted to understand antimicrobial drug resistance in bacteria causing enteric infections. A total of 199 bacterial strains isolated from faecal samples of diarrhoeic buffalo calves (8), foals (14), children (7), goat kids (7), piglets (74), chicks (9), pups (2) and cattle calves (78), belonging to 21 genera of enteropathogens were tested for their sensitivity to 8 herbal antimicrobials and 25 conventional antimicrobials. Of the tested strains 38.2%, 29.6%, and 12.1% strains were resistant to extended spectrum β-lactam drugs, carbapenems, and produced metallo-β-lactamases (MBL), respectively. Of the 24 strains positive for MBL, 22 were New Delhi metallo-β-lactamases (NDM) producers and two produced Verona integron encoded MBL (VIM). Both the VIM positive strains were Shewanella species and 6, 7, and 9 NDM producers strains belonged to Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli, respectively. About 60% strains had multiple drug resistance (MDR) and 7.5% had multiple herbal antimicrobial resistant (MHAR). Among the herbal antimicrobials ajowan essential oil (AEO) was the most effective and inhibited all the strains, followed by cinnamaldehyde (98.2%), cinnamon essential oil (96%), holy basil essential oil (92.5%), carvacrol (91.9%), thyme essential oil (87.1%), Zanthoxylum rhetsa essential oil (21.3%) and patchouli essential oil (6.6%). Tigecycline was the most effective (in vitro) antibiotic on the strains tested inhibiting 83.7% strains followed by chloramphenicol (81.2%), moxalactam (81.1%), imipenem (78.2%), gentamicin (74%), and colistin (71.4%), other drugs could inhibit less than 70% of the strains. Erythromycin (1.3%) and ampicillin (17.1%) were the least effective antibiotics. Study revealed high levels of antimicrobial drug resistance in enteropathogens with a ray of hope with herbal antimicrobials.
Herbal antimicrobials; Herbal antimicrobial resistance; Multiple drug resistance; Enteropathogens; Mettalo-β-lactamases; NDM; VIM; ESBL
Singh BR, Kumar V, Sinha DK, Bhardwaj M, Saraf A, Vadhana P. Antimicrobial Resistance Profile of Enteropathogens Isolated from Diarrhea Patients: Herbal Antimicrobials, a Ray of Hope. Ann Pharmacol Pharm. 2017; 2(7): 1068.