World J Oral Maxillofac Surg | Volume 1, Issue 2 | Research Article | Open Access
Mina Rizk1, Navid Khalighinejad1, Nivine El-Refai1*, Zhimin Feng2, Williams KA3 and Andre Mickel1
1Department of Endodontics, Case Western Reserve University, USA
2Department of Biological Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, USA
3Department of Public Health, Case Western Reserve University, USA
*Correspondance to: Nivine El-Refai
Fulltext PDFIntroduction: Inflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of the Pulp-Periapical (PP) disease. Inflammatory cytokines production is regulated through Nuclear Factor Kappa B (NF-κB) pathway. Lunasin is a 43-amino acid peptide containing a unique Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) cell adhesion motif isolated from soybean. It has been reported that lunasin inhibits the production of inflammatory mediators by suppressing the NF-κB pathway in murine Macrophages (MQ). This study aimed to investigate the effect of lunasin on the production of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-10) involved in PP disease, and compare it to that of ibuprofen.
Methods: THP-1 cells were plated in wells and differentiated into MQ using Phorbol-12-Myristate13-Acetate (PMA). These wells were then divided into 13 different groups of LPS and non-LPSactivated MQ that were then treated with different concentrations of lunasin, negative control powder and ibuprofen. Levels of inflammatory cytokines including IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and IL-10 were measured using Cytometric Bead Array. Data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and MannWhitney U-tests.
Results: 100 µM lunasin significantly reduced the production of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and enhanced the production of IL-10 compared to LPS-activated MQ (P=0.001). However, lower concentrations of lunasin did not significantly alter the cytokines’ levels compared to LPS-activated MQ (P>0.05). Ibuprofen did not significantly affect the levels of cytokines in LPS-activated MQ (P>0.05).
Conclusion: Considering the suppressive effect of lunasin on the production of cytokines responsible for inflammation and bone resorption, the use of lunasin as a potential anti-inflammatory agent can be evaluated in future studies.
Lunasin; Soybean; Inflammation; Cytokines; Endodontics
Rizk M, Khalighinejad N, El-Refai N, Feng Z, Williams KA, Mickel A. The Immune Response Profile of Activated Macrophages Following Lunasin Treatment: Lunasin as a Potential AntiInflammatory Medicament. World J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2018;1(2):1010.