J Clin Ophthalmol Eye Disord | Volume 1, Issue 3 | Review Article | Open Access
Gabriel Gonzalez1, Koki Aoki2, Nobuyo Yawata3 and Nobuyoshi Kitaichi4*
1Division of Bioinformatics, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
2Department of Ophthalmology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
3Department of Medicine, Ophthalmology, Fukuoka Dental College, Japan
4Department of Ophthalmology, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Japan
*Correspondance to: Nobuyoshi Kitaichi
Fulltext PDFAdenoviral epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (EKC) is mainly caused by specific types in Human mastadenovirus B, H. mastadenovirus D and H. mastadenovirus E. However, the most genetically diverse types and more severe EKC cases are caused by types 8, 37 and 64 (formerly known as 19a) in H. mastadenovirus D (HAdVD). The recent characterization of novel types in this species has highlighted the recombinant nature of adenovirus as an evolutionary strategy. Among the more than 30 novel HAdV types with recombinant origins, types 53, 54 and 56, are associated with EKC and have become novel sources of yearly infections in Japan. In many cases, these novel types have been misidentified because of the similarity to the recombinant parents, despite their novel conditions different to the preexisting types associated with EKC. Due to the structural and infectious properties of adenovirus, in Japan nosocomial infections are a frequent source of health risks and economical losses. Currently, only symptomatic treatment is available for adenoviral infections; therefore, proper and effective identification of adenoviral EKC is the only available measure to contain the infection and prevent infectious outbreaks. The understanding of the origins and characteristics of the novel adenoviral types is required for the timely identification and treatment of the ocular infections by these novel adenoviral types.
Gonzalez G, Aoki K, Yawata N, Kitaichi N. Epidemic Kerato-Conjunctivitis; New Era of Required Clinical Practices due to the Emergence of Novel Recombinant Types in Human mastadenovirus D. J Clin Ophthalmol Eye Disord. 2017; 1(3): 1014.