Ann Cardiol Cardiovasc Med | Volume 3, Issue 2 | Research Article | Open Access

Study on the Nosological Groups of Hospitalized Patients in the Cardiology Unit of Hospital Principal De Dakar in Senegal in June 2018

Mingou JS1*, Ka M1, Sangaré Z2, Archich N2, Ndao SCT1, Dia K1, Mboup MC1 and Fall PD1

1Department of Cardiology, Hospital Principal de Dakar, Senegal2Departement of Cardiology, Hospital Center University Aristide Le Dantec, Senegal

*Correspondance to: Mingou JS 

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Abstract

Introduction: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the world. The knowledge of the prevalence of risk factors in our contexts gives an insight into the frequency of certain pathologies. The knowledge of the nosological frameworks in a hospital structure is relevant for the orientation of the objectives of raising the technical plateau to ensure optimal care. Objective: The general objective was to study the nosological frameworks of patients hospitalized in the Cardiology Department of Hospital Principal of Dakar (HPD) in Senegal. Patients and methods: This was a descriptive study of patients hospitalized for cardiovascular disease in the period from June 1st to June 30th, 2018. The studied parameters concerned the epidemiological, clinical, paraclinical, therapeutic and evolutionary data. Results: A total of 41 patients were included. The male gender predominated with a sex ratio of 2.2. The average age was 66.5 years (range: 38 to 84 years). Fourteen patients were admitted for heart failure (34%), eight for ischemic heart disease (20%), seven strokes (17%). Cardiovascular risk factors were dominated by high blood pressure (71%), followed by lack of regular physical activity (56%) and diabetes (31%). Symptoms were dominated by dyspnea (41%), followed by chest pain (27%) and then lower extremity edema (22%). The electrocardiogram recorded atrioventricular block in 4.9% of cases, ST segment elevation in 12.2% of cases and necrosis in 7.3% of cases. Echocardiography noted a left ventricular ejection fraction of less than 30% in 10% of cases. The coronarography was performed in 5 patients (12%) and showed significant legions in two of them. The brain scan only in patients admitted for hemiplegia and/or aphasia (7 patients) showed a stroke in all cases. Therapeutically, anticoagulants were the most prescribed (70%), followed by betablockers (56%) and statins (54%). A pace maker was implanted in 3 patients. The average duration of hospitalization was 8.6 days (4 to 30 days). Intra-hospital mortality was 5%. In bivariate analysis, the heart rate >100 beats/min was a significant poor prognostic factor with a value of p=0.019. Conclusion: Cardiovascular diseases are more and more frequent with male predominance. The length of hospital stay and the mortality rate remain high. Therefore, an improvement in the management of these cardiovascular diseases is needed and passes primarily through the control of modifiable cardiovascular risk factors and the development of the technical plateau.

Keywords:

Nosological groups; Cardiovascular pathology; HPD

Citation:

Mingou JS, Ka M, Sangaré Z, Archich N, Ndao SCT, Dia K, et al. Study on the Nosological Groups of Hospitalized Patients in the Cardiology Unit of Hospital Principal De Dakar in Senegal in June 2018. Ann Cardiol Cardiovasc Med. 2019; 3(2): 1027..

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