Ann Atheroscler Res | Volume 3, Issue 1 | Review Article | Open Access

Insulin Resistance, with or without Diabetes Mellitus, in Hyperhomocysteinemia Worsens Atherosclerosis

Federico C^1* and Fulvio C²

¹Department of Internal Medicine, University of Campania, Italy
²Department of Cardiology, Monaldi Hospital, Italy

^*Correspondance to: Federico Cacciapuoti 

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Abstract

Background: Increased homocysteine levels cause the secretion of Resistin, a peptide hormone responsible for insulin resistance with or without type 2 diabetes mellitus. It is known that HHcy is a risk factor for atherosclerosis independently from T2DM. On the other hand, insulin resistance, especially evolving towards T2DM, favors per se cardio-vascular atherosclerotic injuries independently from metabolic derangement.
Methods: Independently of metabolic changes, both HHcy and T2DM are responsible for an increased risk of atherosclerosis. Several mechanisms of two defective metabolic diseases act in ways that are partly similar and partly different.
Results: The coexistence of HHcy and insulin resistance, especially T2DM, strengthens the incidence of atherosclerotic lesions in patients suffering from both HHcy and insulin resistance at the same time.
Conclusion: The contemporary presence of HHcy and T2DM often exists, even if the causes are still unknown. It increases cardio-vascular atherosclerotic changes respect to the single metabolic disease

Keywords:

Hyperhomocysteinemia; Insulin resistance; Resistin; Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus; Atherosclerosis

Citation:

Federico C, Fulvio C. Insulin Resistance, with or without Diabetes Mellitus, in Hyperhomocysteinemia Worsens Atherosclerosis. Ann Atheroscler Res. 2023; 3(1): 1017..