Ann Med Med Res | Volume 1, Issue 1 | Case Report | Open Access
Radhika A Panchal
Department of Pharmacology, Government Medical College and Sir Takhtasinhji General Hospital, India
*Correspondance to: Radhika A Panchal
Fulltext PDFProlactin is a polypeptide hormone (198 amino acid) with molecular weight 23 kDa produced by the lactotrophs of the anterior pituitary under the feedback control of hypothalamus in a diurnal rhythm, highest levels in the night and early morning. Other sites of its production where it acts as paracrine hormones are mammary gland, uterus, prostrate, immune cells, placenta and endothelium [1,2]. Its secretion increases in conditions such as sleep, psychological stress, food intake, pregnancy, new born infants, chest wall stimulation, and trauma [3]. Prolactin plays an important role in the process of reproduction in men and women. Thyrotropin releasing hormone, vasoactive intestinal neuropeptide, opioids, and serotonin [5-hydroxytryptamine (5- HT)] can increase prolactin levels while dopamine can decrease prolactin levels [4,5]. Hyperprolactinemia is clinically defined as a plasma prolactin level of >20ng/mL for men and >25ng/mL for women [5]. Elevated prolactin in men may cause erectile dysfunction, ejaculatory dysfunction, gynecomastia, and decreased libido. In female subjects, abnormally high prolactin levels may cause menstrual disturbances, galactorrhea, gynecomastia, and sexual dysfunction chronic hyperprolactinemia increases risk for osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease, and breast cancer [6]. Neuroleptics such as Fluphenazine, thiothixene, perphenazine, chlorpromazine and thioridazine have been shown to cause hyperprolactinemia by blocking D2 receptor in the brain. Risperidone, however, is a widely used atypical agent that has shown more pronounced and continuous elevations in prolactin levels due to a stronger, more prolonged dopamine receptor blockade [7]. It is used in a variety of psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, acute mania, anxiety disorder, delusional disorder, bipolar mood disorder irritability associated with autism. (shriviastva). Hereby we describe five cases of risperidone induced hyperprolactinemia in age range of 20 years to 35 years old with Risperidone.
Panchal RA. Risperidone Induced Hyperprolactinemia: A Clinical Case Series. Ann Med Medical Res. 2018; 1: 1017.