Am J Clin Microbiol Antimicrob | Volume 1, Issue 6 | Review Article | Open Access

Effect of Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole and Azithromycin Prophylaxis on Antimicrobial Resistance of Faecal Escherichia coli Isolated from HIV-Infected and TB Patients in Ekiti State

Aina OO1 and Olajuyigbe OO2*

1Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal Teaching Hospital, Nigeria
2Department of Microbiology, Babcock University, Nigeria

*Correspondance to: Olajuyigbe OO 

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Abstract

Aim: To determine the effect of Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole and Azithromycin Prophylaxis on Antimicrobial Resistance of Faecal Escherichia coli isolated from HIV-Infected and TB Patients in Ekiti, Nigeria.
Method: A total of 360 samples were collected of which 300 isolates of E. coli were obtained from the stool samples of HIV/AIDS patients on treatment, HIV/AIDS patients not on treatment, HIV/TB co-infected patients, TB patients on treatment, TB patients not on treatment and apparently healthy individuals. The sample was cultured on Eosin-Methylene Blue (EMB) agar plate and incubated at 37°C overnight. Colony showing the greenish metallic sheen was Gram stained, single rod shaped (Bacilli), motile, indole positive, Simmons citrate negative, yellow butt and yellow slant with gas production on Triple Sugar Ion Agar (TSIA) were considered to be E. coli.
Result: A total of 141 (47%) males and 159 (53%) female patients were involved in the study. Based on the age distribution, age group 30 to 39 (n=80) has highest percentage while age group 60 and above (29) has the lowest participation among the age groups. E. coli isolated from HIV/TB coinfected reveals 40 (80%) and 41 (82%) resistant to SXT and AZM respectively while 23 (46%) and 29 (58%) of E. coli isolated from HIV patients on treatment were susceptible to SXT and AZM. Tuberculosis patients on anti-TB treatment had 42 (84%) and 40 (80%) of the isolates resistant to SXT and AZM respectively while E. coli isolated from newly diagnosed HIV patients were 25 (50%) and 12 (24%) of the E. coli were resistant to SXT and AZM. Similarly, 28 (56%) and 11 (22%) of the isolated E. coli from newly diagnosed TB patients show resistance to SXT and AZM respectively.
Conclusion: Faecal E. coli, an indicator organism for enteric pathogens, rapidly develops resistance to SXT and AZM which are clinically important antimicrobials after their initiation as prophylaxis.

Keywords:

E. coli; HIV/AIDS; TB; Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole; Azithromycin

Citation:

Aina OO, Olajuyigbe OO. Effect of Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole and Azithromycin Prophylaxis on Antimicrobial Resistance of Faecal Escherichia coli Isolated from HIVInfected and TB Patients in Ekiti State. Am J Clin Microbiol Antimicrob. 2018; 1(6): 1027.

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